This paper develops a comprehensive framework to explain how the tobacco industry responds after tobacco control policies are adopted and implemented. Drawing on a systematic review of 308 sources across around 50 countries, the authors identify five recurring post-adoption tactics: pre鈥慹mptive adaptation (e.g. stockpiling or early product changes before rules take effect), outright disregard of regulations, token or superficial compliance, strategic circumvention through product or marketing modifications, and indirect influence on how policies are enforced via intermediaries such as retailers or authorities. The study finds that circumvention is the most common strategy, though tactics vary by policy type, and highlights that industry interference continues well beyond policy adoption.

This article models the potential effects of introducing a tobacco price cap alongside tax increases in England to reduce smoking-related inequalities. It finds that limiting the profits and pricing power of tobacco companies, while still raising taxes, could lower cigarette prices for consumers less aggressively than industry-led pricing strategies, helping reduce consumption without disproportionately burdening lower-income groups. The analysis suggests that such a policy could both decrease smoking prevalence and narrow socioeconomic health inequalities, while also curbing excess industry profits.

The article reviews how evidence about the commercial determinants of health (CDoH), the ways corporations influence health outcomes, has been produced and organised, arguing that it should be understood as part of a complex 鈥渆vidence ecosystem.鈥� It finds that research in this field is fragmented across disciplines and often shaped by the very commercial actors it 崭謧战崭謧沾斩铡战斋謤es, affecting what evidence is generated, funded, and disseminated. By applying a complex systems perspective, the authors highlight how interactions between researchers, policymakers, industries, and institutions create feedback loops that can reinforce biases or gaps in knowledge.

This paper explains how major tobacco companies are increasingly targeting dental professionals and organisations as part of efforts to gain legitimacy within the healthcare sector. It highlights tactics such as sponsoring dental education, funding research, and promoting newer 鈥渞educed鈥慼arm鈥� nicotine products, all of which may create conflicts of interest and blur the line between public health and industry influence. The authors warn that this involvement risks undermining established tobacco control efforts and could normalise partnerships with an industry whose products are harmful to oral and general health.

The report highlights that climate change is already a serious and escalating public health crisis, particularly in Europe, which is warming twice as fast as the global average. It highlights how rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and environmental changes are increasing deaths, straining health systems, and widening social and economic inequalities. The report stresses that the costs of inaction are already significant and will continue to grow, but also emphasises that climate action presents major opportunities to improve health and build more resilient societies. It calls for urgent, coordinated action from governments and international bodies to place health at the centre of climate policy, including reducing fossil fuel use, strengthening climate-resilient health systems, and treating climate change as a public health emergency.

This 2026 Lancet Commission on liver health in Europe evaluates progress since its 2021 report and finds that liver disease remains a major and growing public health challenge driven largely by preventable risk factors. It shows that cirrhosis and liver cancer together cause about 780 deaths per day in Europe (鈮�3% of all deaths), with liver cancer mortality rising by more than 50% since 2000, while cirrhosis mortality remains persistently high. The Commission highlights that the burden is closely linked to lifestyle, social inequalities, and commercial determinants (e.g., alcohol and unhealthy diet), and that current policy implementation has been insufficient despite clear evidence on prevention. It concludes that stronger, coordinated policy action could substantially reduce disease burden (potentially nearly halving it), improve life expectancy, and deliver large economic benefits, emphasising prevention, cross-sector policy change, and better implementation of existing recommendations.